New research from Princeton College is investigating the structure of crop root systems when planted alone and paired together, to better understand plant interactions. The research focused on two theories, the first was that a set of plants in proximity would cooperate, meaning each takes some nutrients from the soil but do not grow as large roots. The second theory suggested that the root systems would recognize a lack of nutrients when both taking from the source and would instead grow downward.
The researchers found that when planted close together plants would grow their roots to compete with the neighbouring plant but would compete by growing closely around themselves without invading other spaces. When planted further apart but within the same nutrient range the plants grew fewer roots and prioritized above ground growth.
The research shows that in proximity similar plants will fight for nutrients, it is important for small farming to investigate crop pairings and soil supplements to maintain a healthy balance to allow plants to grow effectively. Large farms can avoid the issue of over crowding quite easily but getting the most out of finite space can cause more issues for small farmers.