Pac choi, also known as bok choy, is China’s most popular vegetable. It is a biennial plant that is usually grown as an annual. It is a cool season vegetable that does not mind the odd light frost and can withstand slightly higher temperatures.
Pac choi is a quick-growing leafy green extremely used in Asian cuisine. Its leaves can be used raw in salads while its firm and crispy stalks contain a mild flavor yet delicious crunch when cooked.
The variations of the name in English are derived from the phonetic translation of Chinese characters – the word choi or choy means “vegetable.” The bak, bok, or pak part means “white.”
This cruciferous green vegetable is full of fibre, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients that make it a beneficial addition to any diet. Like other dark and leafy greens, pac choi is full of antioxidants and other compounds that help to promote better health such as vitamin C, E, and beta-carotene.
Timing: Pac choi grows slower during the winter, but it will produce succulent and nutritious full-size rosettes.
Direct sow as early as late winter with frost protection. Without protection, sow from four weeks before the last frost date to eight weeks after.
In optimal conditions, at least 70% of seeds will germinate.
Sowing: Plant short rows every 2-4 weeks for a steady and longer harvest. Sow 3-4 seeds 5mm-1cm (¼ - ½”) deep. Thin to the strongest plant 15-20cm (6-8”) apart between rows of 30-45 cm (12-18”).
Growing: Keep plants well-watered throughout their growth. Add one cup of complete fertilizer per 3m (10’) of row to provide nutrients. Ideal pH level of 6.0-6.8.
Pac choi can be harvested right from the garden for fresh eating. However, beware for signs of bolting especially if you want full-sized plants. All cool season plants grow quickly and then bolt. Flower buds will appear at the centre of each plant, and a stem will form quickly as the plant turns from urn-shaped into a tall cone.
Harvesting: When ready, use a sharp knife to harvest plants at ground level.
Protection: During the winter, utilize a cloche or heavy row cover, and a light row cover against small white butterflies, flea beetles and cabbage months in August plantings.
Pests and Disease: Slugs and woodlice (sow bugs) may nibble on young seedlings. Keep the garden free from debris and excess water where both pests like to go during the day.